砂岩风化晕厚度在广东晚更新世测年中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

程绍平  陈国光 《地震地质》1988,10(4):109

广东地区河流阶地和冲积扇沉积物中砂岩砾石风化晕随时间增厚。风化晕生长速度呈指数衰减,并拟合于下列公式:T 1485D4.13这里T=时间,以年表示,D=沉积物表部约50块砾石风化晕厚度的加权平均值,以毫米表示。利用风化晕厚度确定出广东地区河流第一和第二级阶地分别为1000—13300年和8600—26500年,肇庆盆地北部山前地带第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ级冲积扇分别为51500年和24400年。同时,在构造地貌变形分析的基础上,估算出本区三条主要北东向断裂带在晚更新世—中全新世的垂直断层作用速度为0.6—1.6毫米/年,中全新世甚或晚更新世晚期以来的活动速度极小  相似文献   

Reply: Bulk sampling of coarse clastic sediments for particle-size analysis     

Stephen J. Gale  Peter G. Hoare 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(3):263-268

The work of Gale and Hoare (1992) provides a guide to the minimum mass of bulk sample required to obtain a reproducible measure of the complete particle-size distribution of coarse clastic sediments such as till, fluvial gravel and beach gravel. Dunkerley (1994) makes a number of criticisms and misrepresentations of this procedure. These are systematically refuted and corrected here, and further data obtained from till and beach gravel are provided to support the criterion adopted by Gale and Hoare (1992) for sample reliability. The procedure of Gale and Hoare (1992) is confirmed as a practical guide to the mass of bulk sample required to obtain a reliable measure of the particle-size distribution of coarse clastic sediment.  相似文献   

A ‘mathematical’ spider living on gravel plains of the Namib Desert     

G. Costa  A. Petralia  E. Conti  C. Hnel 《Journal of Arid Environments》1995,29(4)

In certain areas of the Namib gravel plains a new Ariadna sp. was discovered. It rims its vertical burrow with a stone circle, made on average of seven quartz stones. Some mathematical relationships between hole diameter, stone sizes and weight, and animal size were studied. A correlation was found, and stone selection by this spider postulated. Different hypotheses on the adaptive value of stone circle are suggested.  相似文献   

红层砾石组分是区域地层对比的良好标志──以赣西北中─晚第三纪的砂砾岩为例     

蔡雄飞  章泽军 《地层学杂志》1995,(4)

根据赣西北中─晚第三纪陆相紫红色砂砾岩岩性横向上不太稳定的特点，提出砾石成分的来源和成因特征可作为区域地层对比的标志，因为砾石成分作为风化和搬运的最终产物，它与基底母岩区是密不可分，又相互影响。  相似文献   

北京周口店地区Ⅳ阶地砾石层的发现及其意义     

关康年  叶俊林 《地球科学》1987,(2)

周口店河谷地区发现古宽谷地形及其相关的沉积物——Ⅳ阶地砾石层。砾石层形成于早更新世,是地表槽状流水作用的结果,命名为“捐兵湾组”。此地层的发现完善了周口店地区晚新生代地层系统,为重建北京猿人先期的古地理环境提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

新疆库木库里盆地铜矿地质特征及找矿前景   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

肖爱芳  黎敦朋  李新林  周小康  杜少喜 《陕西地质》2002,20(2):50-58

新疆库木库里盆地砂砾岩型铜矿带位于东昆仑成矿带西段东昆中断裂北侧新生代陆相盆地中 ,与西部且末县嘎其哥洛德和克孜勒小型砂砾岩型铜矿组成近2 0 0km长的大型砂砾岩型铜矿化带。铜矿化赋存于石马沟组上段 (E3 S1)砂岩中。围岩中铜含量一般低于地壳丰度值 ,南部火箭山地区发现有斑岩型铜矿化、昆中结合带也发现规模巨大的铜矿化带 ,它们可能是本区铜矿化的矿源层。铜矿化呈透镜状、似层状 ,剖面上已发现三层铜矿化 ,其中上部铜矿化较好。地表氧化矿石矿物组合简单 ;矿石构造为条带状、浸染状、团块状 ,填隙结构。铜矿化受湖泊三角洲相、三角洲前缘亚相的近岸砂坝、远岸砂坝的砂体控制。  相似文献   

关于南国冰臼群成因的商榷之二   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

韩同林  劳雄  郭克毅 《热带地理》2001,21(2):189-194,F003

南国冰臼群分布区大量冰川堆积、冰川条痕石及变形砾石的发现，再次有力地证明是“冰臼”不是“壶穴”的正确结论，由冰川漂砾经融冻作用形成的“石海”，与化学风化作用产生的花岗岩“石蛋”地貌特征，有天渊之别，不应混为一谈；边滩是由河流冲积物组成，不能与基岩冰床相提并论；圆滚水钻与急流旋涡及风蚀作用，形成的动力学性质、方向和方式完全不同，不该阴错阳差；节理、构造只影响冰臼的形态和发育程度，不是控制形成的动力学性质、方向和方式完全不同，不该阴错阳差；节理、构造只影响冰臼的形态和发育程度，不是控制冰臼的发育部位，不致于是非不辨，南国地区古冰川遗迹的大量发现，证明距今约二三百万年的第四纪早期确实曾发生过大规模的古冰川运动，为争论了半个多世纪的中国东部中低山区有无第四纪冰川问题，从此画上一个圆满的句号。  相似文献   

碎石桩法与强夯法联合工艺处理软土地基应用研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王月香  陈茂林 《岩土工程技术》2001,(2):101-106

就碎石桩法与强夯法结合处理软土地基工艺的机理作一探讨，并结合工程实例，，就实际存在的几点问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Computational fluid dynamics modelling of boundary roughness in gravel‐bed rivers: an investigation of the effects of random variability in bed elevation     

A.P. Nicholas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(4):345-362

Results from a series of numerical simulations of two‐dimensional open‐channel flow, conducted using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT, are compared with data quantifying the mean and turbulent characteristics of open‐channel flow over two contrasting gravel beds. Boundary roughness effects are represented using both the conventional wall function approach and a random elevation model that simulates the effects of supra‐grid‐scale roughness elements (e.g. particle clusters and small bedforms). Results obtained using the random elevation model are characterized by a peak in turbulent kinetic energy located well above the bed (typically at y/h = 0·1–0·3). This is consistent with the field data and in contrast to the results obtained using the wall function approach for which maximum turbulent kinetic energy levels occur at the bed. Use of the random elevation model to represent supra‐grid‐scale roughness also allows a reduction in the height of the near‐bed mesh cell and therefore offers some potential to overcome problems experienced by the wall function approach in flows characterized by high relative roughness. Despite these benefits, the results of simulations conducted using the random elevation model are sensitive to the horizontal and vertical mesh resolution. Increasing the horizontal mesh resolution results in an increase in the near‐bed velocity gradient and turbulent kinetic energy, effectively roughening the bed. Varying the vertical resolution of the mesh has little effect on simulated mean velocity profiles, but results in substantial changes to the shape of the turbulent kinetic energy profile. These findings have significant implications for the application of CFD within natural gravel‐bed channels, particularly with regard to issues of topographic data collection, roughness parameterization and the derivation of mesh‐independent solutions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Three‐dimensional flow structure around small‐scale bedforms in a simulated gravel‐bed environment     

Mark Lawless  Andr Robert 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(5):507-522

Pebble clusters are common small‐scale morphological features in gravel‐bed rivers, occupying as much as 10 per cent of the bed surface. Important links exist between the presence of pebble clusters and the development of flow structures. These links are poorly understood at the three‐dimensional level. Particularly neglected has been the effect of clusters on the lateral flow characteristics. A laboratory study was conducted using a hydraulic flume, within which simulated pebble clusters were superimposed onto a plane bed of gravel material. High‐resolution three‐dimensional flow data were collected above the bed at two different flow depths using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The results present evidence of the importance of lateral flow in the development of turbulent flow structure. Narrow regions of high lateral and downstream turbulence intensity exist to both sides of clusters and in a three‐dimensional separation zone in their lee. This may indicate the presence of horseshoe‐type vortical structures analogous to those identified in less hydraulically rough environments. However, it is likely that these structures are more complicated given the mutual interference of the surrounding medium. The lateral flow was also identified as a key component in the upwelling identified by other authors in the lee of pebble clusters. The results of the vertical flow analysis confirm the hypothesis that six regions with distinct vertical flow characteristics exist above clusters: flow acceleration up the stoss‐side of the cluster; recirculation behind the cluster in the wake region; vortex shedding from the pebble crest and shear layer; flow reattachment downstream of the cluster; upwelling of flow downstream of the point of reattachment; and recovery of flow. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献